Evolution | Target Mdcat 2025 | Chapter wise Test series

Question 1

According to the concept of evolution, how did life originate?

Divine creation

Spontaneous generation from non-living matter

Panspermia (life came from space)

Gradual chemical evolution in primordial conditions

Question 2

Lamarck's theory of evolution is based on:

Natural selection acting on random mutations

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Divine intervention guiding evolution

Genetic drift in small populations

Question 3

Which example best illustrates Lamarck's theory?

Giraffes with longer necks surviving due to better access to food

A blacksmith's son inheriting strong arms

Peppered moths changing color due to pollution

Bacteria developing antibiotic resistance

Question 4

Darwin's theory of natural selection is often described as:

Survival of the strongest

Survival of the fittest

Inheritance of useful traits

Gradual improvement of species

Question 5

Which of these is NOT part of Darwin's theory of natural selection?

Variation exists among individuals in a population

Organisms can acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on

More offspring are produced than can survive

Individuals with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce

Question 6

The Miller-Urey experiment supported the concept of:

Natural selection

Chemical evolution

Lamarckian inheritance

Punctuated equilibrium

Question 7

Lamarck believed that evolution occurred through:

Sudden mutations

Use and disuse of organs

Random genetic drift

Divine intervention

Question 8

Which of these observations supports Darwin's theory of natural selection?

All members of a species are identical

Resources in nature are unlimited

Organisms produce more offspring than can survive

Acquired characteristics are always inherited

Question 9

The modern synthesis of evolution combines Darwin's ideas with:

Lamarckian inheritance

Mendelian genetics

Aristotelian philosophy

Biblical creationism

Question 10

Which concept was common to both Lamarck's and Darwin's theories?

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Species change over time

All changes are due to random mutations

Evolution has a predetermined goal

Question 11

The term 'fitness' in Darwinian evolution refers to:

Physical strength of an organism

Ability to survive and reproduce

Resistance to all diseases

Size and complexity of an organism

Question 12

Which of these would Lamarck explain as evolution of long necks in giraffes?

Random mutations led to longer necks which were favored by selection

Giraffes stretched their necks to reach leaves, and this acquired trait was inherited

All giraffes naturally had long necks from creation

Climate change forced giraffes to develop longer necks

Question 13

Darwin's finches are an example of:

Convergent evolution

Adaptive radiation

Genetic drift

Artificial selection

Question 14

The idea that life originated from simple organic molecules is called:

Biogenesis

Abiogenesis

Panspermia

Spontaneous generation

Question 15

Which of these is evidence for chemical evolution?

Fossils of transitional forms

Similarities in embryonic development

Formation of amino acids in Miller-Urey experiment

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria

Question 16

Lamarck's theory was proven incorrect because:

Acquired traits cannot alter DNA in gametes

Natural selection was a better explanation

Mutations were discovered

All of the above

Question 17

The concept of 'descent with modification' refers to:

Lamarckian use and disuse

Passing of traits from parents to offspring with variations

Artificial selection by humans

Gradual loss of traits over generations

Question 18

Which condition is NOT necessary for natural selection to occur?

Variation in traits

Heritability of traits

Differential reproductive success

All individuals reproduce equally

Question 19

The modern theory of evolution incorporates all EXCEPT:

Natural selection

Genetic mutations

Inheritance of acquired characteristics

Genetic recombination

Question 20

Which scientist proposed that populations tend to grow faster than resources?

Lamarck

Darwin

Malthus

Mendel

Question 21

The phenomenon where organisms evolve similar traits independently is called:

Adaptive radiation

Convergent evolution

Divergent evolution

Parallel evolution

Question 22

Which of these best describes Darwin's view of evolution?

Linear progression toward perfection

Branched tree of life with common ancestry

Sudden jumps between species

Cyclic repetition of forms

Question 23

The term 'natural selection' was coined by:

Charles Darwin

Alfred Russel Wallace

Both Darwin and Wallace

Thomas Huxley

Question 24

Which of these is NOT evidence for evolution?

Fossil record

Artificial selection

Vestigial structures

Lamarckian inheritance

Question 25

The primordial soup hypothesis relates to:

Natural selection

Origin of life

Speciation

Genetic drift

Question 26

Industrial melanism in peppered moths demonstrates:

Lamarckian evolution

Natural selection in action

Genetic drift

Artificial selection

Question 27

Which concept explains why some genes become more common even if they don't improve fitness?

Natural selection

Genetic drift

Lamarckian inheritance

Use and disuse

Question 28

The modern definition of evolution is:

Change in individual characteristics during a lifetime

Change in allele frequencies in a population over time

Development of new species by artificial means

Progressive improvement of species

Question 29

Which of these would Darwin use to explain giraffes' long necks?

Giraffes needed long necks so they grew them

Giraffes with naturally longer necks survived better and reproduced more

All giraffes stretched their necks equally

A divine creator designed them that way

Question 30

The concept that evolutionary change occurs in rapid bursts followed by long stable periods is called:

Gradualism

Punctuated equilibrium

Adaptive radiation

Convergent evolution